Why is 8 button the standard?

Between a PCB made for 8 button, and the same (but in other control) for 6 button; and another dedicated PCB only for 6 button, can exist some technical notable difference in a gameplay?

No.

Maybe the question cannot be done here - in fact to be a off/out topic and a nonsense question, I think - but, if I have or build a dedicated PCB for 6 button, start, select and home buttons (only), and the new generation appears with share and options buttons, like PS4, I have to recreate and upgrade my PCB via hardware or firmware for each generation?

Uhh… Select = Share and Options = Start on the PS4.

Yes, but still, the upgrade question doesn’t matter? So, why PCB manufacturers do not yet have their upgraded versions for the current generation?

Licensing

Uhhhh… because it’s not that easy? And there’s also the possibility that it’s not doable at all?
Sony and Microsoft have security measures in place, kind of like how the 360 had the security chip on their controllers.

So, all fightstick manufacturers are authorized only by the console(and PCB control pad) developers? A little utopic, I know, but why the PCBs control pad manufacturers don’t create your own single PCBs designed for arcade stick, since this is the problem - or all PCBs are made under their respective licenses?

i’m just passing by to leave a comment:
8 buttons are completely necessary. without them how am I supposed to speedrun symphony of the night?

I’m not entirely sure what you’re asking here.
The PS3 was special in the sense that it used open-driver HID devices as controllers. Every other controller has been been relatively proprietary, and recent ones (X360, XBO and PS4) have additional security measures in place so that only “approved” controllers can be used; though this has been circumvented in recent times with hacks and (essentially) counterfeit security chips with the X360 controller.

@FreedomGundam is right, The PS3 is a special exception. The PS3 was launched in November 2006, the Hori Real Arcade pro 3 and Sega Virtual Stick High Grade was not released till 2007.
There was not many options for sticks till 2009 When Mad Catz produced the TE. We have yet seen a full year of PS4 and XBone, there no fighting games out yet (KI and Injustice don’t count) and you already want a Arcade stick to be out on the market?