The throw always wins, not the attack. Test it in training mode. Put the settings on human, put the characters right next to eachother then pause. Hold the jab button for player 2 and the throw input for player one. When the game unpauses, they should both perform their actions ASAP and the throw wins.
Incidentally, air throws occurring at the same time with two Chuns is random but it seems like Guile’s always beats hers. She has the worst one.
Most jabs are slower than throws… According to frame data, only Chun, Cammy, Fei and Gen have close jabs with the same number of startup as a throw, so I hope you tested it with them. I do suspect that you’re right though, I’ve noticed throws seem to win in this game where they wouldn’t in any other SF…
The only jab in this game that will beat a throw if they were done in the same frame is Balrog’s as it’s got a 2 frame startup. You’re right that there are some characters with 3 frame jabs, but seeing as throws have 3 frames of startup and win the tiebreak the only character who can out jab a throw is Balrog.
The original question asked has to do with frame data. In this case how many start up frames Zangief’s EX SPD has. It is a lot faster to do EX than the standard SPD and chances are his EX SPD has less start up frames than most regular throws so his EX SPD will beat most normal throws.
According to the frame data, EX SPD is twice as slow as the original (2 versus 4). However, it’s still throw invincible, so it will never lose to a normal throw.