SRK Math Thread

know any good free differential calculus pdf books for free?


Went over the fundementals again this winter break because I thought I was missing out on a lot, and by god, was a lot missing. Obvious things that you think you wont’ see ever again pop up in physics, and it would have been nice knowing these things.

Going over Trig, and going over what a cosine and sine graph mean and how they are graphed in relation makes things like Alternating Current, Spring Oscillations, and basic Quantum Physics so much more intuitive and easier to understand.

Hey. My experience exactly. I struggled at first in university before I got some fundamentals down.

Good read as well.

Anyone in this thread in the Air Force? Just wanting to see what would be a good idea to know for the AFOQT. Been learning geometry and trig on KhanAcademy(since I never took those subjects in high school or college), and going to go back and brush up on my Algebra too since I haven’t taken a math class in three years.

MIT has a free online one

Alternately, you can try to get your school’s library to get another library to ship popular calc textbooks like Stewart’s Calculus.

how would you rate this vid? he seems pretty thorough on getting down to business and spelling some things out. It’s just a small preview, though.

[media=youtube]EX_is9LzFSY[/media]

It’s somewhere in between reading the table of contents of a textbook and reading the introduction of each chapter: ultimately it is just that: an overview. For someone who has already had calculus, it’s a trip down memory lane; for somebody who has had analysis, it is a reminder of how watered down calculus courses are, and for somebody who has never seen the material, it is probably confusing. There are some nice gems in here, but I think you pretty much need to have taken the course already to appreciate them.

He skipped important thngs like the (rigorous) definition of a limit and continuity, though.

I agree with Warrior’s Dreams- it’s good to watch an hour before your final after you’ve already learned the stuff, but I hope nobody out there is actually trying to learn calculus in 20 minutes by watching a video. He’s also not exactly helping the socially handicapped mathematician stereotype by dressing like that, but it’s good that he has a personality unlike the latest robot teachers.

I like http://www.adjectivenounmath.com/id56.html for math materials and lectures*. I think his calculus lectures are aimed at scientists who need a refresher (thus the title Calculus Revisited), but they would also work well as a supplement to a first year course, and his little "as an aside"s and explanations can be pretty illuminating. MIT ocw also has newer lectures that seem good.

*I don’t know if they’re all available on his site, which is weird. Here’s part 1 of calculus revisited.

i think the lack of algebra skills really hurts a lot of students in calculus. some get the concept they just don’t have the skills to manipulate an equation.

https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash4/318042_564023996958731_189225692_n.jpg

Show that this is 1

Edit: Nevermind, I got it. It was a lot more difficult than I though.

Oh man I will have to live in this thread being my major is Comp Sci.

I think I’ll resurrect this thread into the brave new world of the new forum design. There are just too many good links out there. Here’s Feynman’s textbook reviewing experience: http://www.textbookleague.org/103feyn.htm

I have nothing to do with TTL (although what they say is probably true)-that’s just the first link I could find. Speaking of Feynman there’s also this, also from Surely You’re Joking, Mr Feynman!, but it’s just an excerpt: http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/feynman.html

And speaking of calculating machines…http://downlode.org/Etext/power.html

I thought of the first link because I was recently thinking about bad, sloppy textbooks. Particularly (and this is probably something most people have never really thought of) how it’s pretty stupid to define i=sqrt(-1) instead of i being one number, along with -i, such that i^2=-1. There probably seems to be no difference until you consider why sqrt(25)=5 and not -5 (the convention of always choosing the non-negative root to avoid multivalued functions is common in the US although maybe different elsewhere). Well, by convention sqrt(25)=5 because 5 is positive and -5 is negative. So what else can a student possibly think when he sees sqrt(-1)=i instead of -i? Obviously he’ll think it’s because i is positive and -i is negative…if he thinks at all, which excludes me when I first learned it.

Not only does this not make sense because the complex numbers can’t be (totally) ordered, it reinforces the common existing misconception that -x is a negative number because of the - sign. It also leads to having to tell students that sqrt(1*1)=sqrt(1)sqrt(1) and sqrt(-11)=sqrt(-1)sqrt(1), but goddammit sqrt(-1-1) does not equal sqrt(-1)*sqrt(-1)!!! I think the tiny inconvenience of having a multivalued function makes up for all this confusion, and multivalued functions are introduced later with complex numbers anyway (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit#i_raised_to_the_power_of_i ).

Don’t even get me started on how almost all textbooks strongly imply that i was just invented to expand the classes of equations we can solve instead of just stumbled upon when looking for the cubic formula. Inventing i to solve x^2=-1 would be like inventing blayp to solve cow-x=7 as far as 16th century mathematicians were concerned.

Rant over lol. Enjoy the links.

edit: Oh! I forgot to mention a good book. Linear Algebra by Shilov. Real cheap, I mentioned it on the first page too. It’s for a SECOND course, and yes I’m yelling to strongly discourage anyone from using this as a first text. You will hate it. I love it, although there are a lot of typos that sometimes make the math wrong, which sucks but they possibly come from the translator and can be spotted and fixed if you’re careful, which you should be. Would probably be good for physicists and engineers too, since Shilov doesn’t try to be overly slick to show off what a hotshot he is at the possible expense of student understanding (I’ve seen Rudin accused of this by another mathematician lol)

having trouble with optimization i’m not getting it at all.
can someone help me understand the steps to solving these problems?
the first problem asks me
to find 2 positive numbers that satisfy the given requirements

  1. the sum is S and the product is a maximum

you need a function to optimize and they give you a restriction (the sum of 2 numbers is S)

  1. x + y = S (restriction)
  2. xy = function.

replace 1 in 2 and you get a one variable function

x(x-S) = f(x)

now you can get df/dx.

df/dx = 2*x - S

if f(x) is maximum then df/dx is 0 (not true the other way around, but is easy to see this function has a maximum)

0 = 2x - S => x = S/2.

replace in 1) so y = s/2 giving you the two positive real numbers we were looking for.

awesome i started getting the hang out of it
there is this other one that gave me trouble
the word problem is pretty much so you have this paper and you want to print stuff on it.
you want 30^2 inch but with 1 inch margins.
so what are the dimensions for the least amount of paper required.

so your restriction equation
30=xy
you’re looking for the min of (x+2)(y+2)

anyway what i got and what the book says are different

x=(30/y)

i end up getting y^2-30/y as the derivative
and got square root of 30 as a minimizer

so what i got was
((30/sqrt30)+2) and (sqrt30 + 2)

my book how ever says the answer is

(sqrt30 + 2) (sqrt30 + 2)

30/sqrt(30) = sqrt(30) so you got the same answer

lol forgot to rationalize the bottom i am way to scatterbrained to be a math major

so i have this one problem giving me shit

i have 400 feet of fencing to enclose 2 adjacent rectangles what dimensions should be used so that then area is a maximum

max=xy
constriction
400=2x+2y

y= (400-2x)/2

max=x(400-2x/2)

max’=(8(100-2x))/4

critical number = 50

y= (400-100)/2
y=150

so the dimensions i got are 50 x 150

the problem is 100 x 100 gives more area and satisfies the constriction equation
what did i do wrong?

You dropped a pair of parenthesis, not sure if that’s just a typo?

(== 200 - 4x) Nope.

max = x*(400-2x)/2 = x(200-x) = 200x - x^2
=> d(max)/dx = 200 - 2x
solving d(max)/dx = 0 then gives
200 - 2
x = 0
=> 2*x = 200
=> x = 100

Which is what you’d expect.

Learning proof by induction.

Stared at 3k+2 for 15 minutes before I realized it is 3(k+1)-1. I feel really dumb. It doesn’t help that I feel like I am forgetting a lot of basic equation manipulation techniques :mad:

Induction is genuinely important, but the problems you have to do at first are usually really boring and unilluminating (although maybe that’s unavoidable). Proving that 1^2+2^2+…+n^2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 – or does it? that’s from memory – by induction is less interesting than some other ways and has the obvious drawback that once you have that formula in the first place, the proof by induction is barely less trivial than the QED at the end. There are also the textbook problems like “using induction, prove that 5^n+9^n+2 is divisible by 4 for all natural numbers n”. You could do that by induction, or you could do a much quicker (and better) proof by writing 5^n+9^n+2=(4+1)^n+(8+1)^n+2 and using the binomial theorem.

The more advanced theorems that can be proved by induction use it in a more natural way, and you don’t have to magically have the formula ahead of time. Things like “if such-and-such, then G has a subgroup of order p^i for all i less than or equal to n”. There are some cool little theorems that anyone can understand though. The tiling problem is interesting, as is the false proof that all horses are the same color.