Math can be used to disprove the christian god who has “omnipotence” as one of his attributes.
It goes back to the pedantic question, can god create a rock so heavy that even he cannot lift it? which directly shows that omnipotence is a logically impossible trait, thus a god who possesses it by definition cannot exist.
This involves set theory because the definition of both sets, omnipotent deities and unliftable rocks are contradictory. There cannot be a member in both sets at the same time. Canonical example - a barber has a sign that says: “I’ll cut the hair of anyone who does not cut their own hair”. So does he cut his own hair? Does he belong to the set of people who cuts their own hair? If so, he cannot cut his own hair. If he doesn’t belong to that set of people who cuts their own hair, he belongs to the set of people who does not cut his own hair, so he must cut his own hair. My math speak is very rusty, but you get the idea.
Likewise omniscience is similarly logically impossible. If you know everything, then you have a mental representation of everything in your mind. Think of a map of the world. A map of the world that is “omniscient” would have every single detail mapped out. Every gas station, every tree, every rock. This map would also contain itself on it, rendered in perfect detail. Which would mean that map would contain a map of itself, and so on.
You basically get infinite recursion, and if god were omniscient he’d run out of memory and blow his stack. Its illogical.
So yes you can disprove god with math, or at least neuter his so that he’s no longer omnipotent or omniscient. at best god is a powerful alien.
you can try to prove god exists via weak logic arguments like the ontological argument:
Define god as the most powerful being, that no other being can be more powerful than it.
a being that exists is more powerful than one that does not.
so by definition god does not exist.
this logic falls apart, because it can be used to prove anything. replace god with “best awesomest ice cream sundae” and you can prove a 100 lb ice cream sundae that gives you orgasms is defined to exist. meaningless.
edit: my bad i didnt even realize the article mentions the barber paradox
best paradox EVAR!!!111 math is awesome